GRADE 400/18
400/18 is a grade of cast iron that is commonly used for the production of ductile iron. Ductile iron is a type of cast iron that has a higher tensile strength and elongation than gray iron, making it more durable and resistant to cracking.
FG400/18 Ductile Iron Details
The FG in FG400/18 stands for "ferritic-graphitic," indicating that the iron has a ferritic matrix with graphite inclusions. The number 400 refers to the minimum tensile strength of the iron in megapascals (MPa), and the number 18 refers to the minimum percent elongation of the iron before breaking.
FG400/18 is characterized by its high strength, ductility, and excellent machinability. It is often used in the construction of pipes, valves, and other fluid handling equipment, as well as in the manufacturing of gears, bearings, and other mechanical components.
It is also known as ductile iron grade 400-18, or 400-18 ductile iron.
Note: FG400/18 is a European standard. The equivalent ASTM standard is ASTM A536-80-55-06.
physical, mechanical, chemical and metallurgical properties of FG400/18 grade cast iron, based on the European standard EN 1563:1997.
Physical Properties
Density: 6.9-7.2 g/cm3
Thermal conductivity: 30-45 W/m·K
Mechanical Properties
Tensile strength: 400 MPa minimum
Elongation: 18% minimum
Hardness: 200-240 HB
Metallurgical Properties
Graphite type: Spheroidal graphite (S.G)
Microstructure: Ferritic matrix with graphite inclusions
It is important to note that the actual properties of a particular cast iron may vary depending on the manufacturing process and the specific alloying elements used. Additionally, The equivalent ASTM standard is ASTM A536-80-55-06.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of FG400/18 grade cast iron is typically defined by the European standard EN 1563:1997. The standard defines the allowed ranges for the following elements:
Carbon (C): 2.9-3.6%
Silicon (Si): 1.8-2.5%
Manganese (Mn): 0.3-0.8%
Phosphorus (P): 0.1% maximum
Sulfur (S): 0.1% maximum
Iron (Fe): balance
It is worth mentioning that small amounts of other elements such as nickel, copper, molybdenum, and chromium may also be present in the alloy. However, these elements are typically present in very small amounts and do not have a significant effect on the properties of the cast iron.
It's important to note that these are typical ranges, actual composition may vary depending on the manufacturer and specific application. Additionally, The equivalent ASTM standard is ASTM A536-80-55-06.
Application
FG400/18 grade cast iron is a versatile material that is commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications. Some of the most common applications include:
Pipes: FG400/18 grade cast iron is often used in the production of pipes for water and sewage systems, as well as for natural gas and oil transportation. Its high strength and ductility make it well-suited for these applications.
Valves: FG400/18 grade cast iron is also commonly used in the production of valves, including gate valves, globe valves, and check valves. Its excellent machinability makes it easy to produce precise and accurate valve components.
Fluid handling equipment: FG400/18 grade cast iron is also used in the manufacturing of pumps, compressors, and other fluid handling equipment. Its high strength and resistance to wear and tear make it ideal for these applications.
Mechanical components: FG400/18 grade cast iron is also used in the production of gears, bearings, and other mechanical components. Its high strength and ductility make it well-suited for these applications, while its excellent machinability allows for precise and accurate manufacturing.
Construction industry: FG400/18 grade cast iron is also used in the construction industry for various elements such as manhole covers, gully gratings, and various other fittings.
It's worth noting that FG400/18 grade cast iron is a traditional material, with new developments in the engineering industry, some of the applications might be replaced with other materials, but still it is widely used in many industrial applications.
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